Version: 013 2/21/2002 Bank: (Parachute Rigger) Airman Knowledge Test Question Bank The FAA computer-assisted testing system is supported by a series of supplement publications. These publications, available through several aviation publishers, include the graphics, legends, and maps that are needed to successfully respond to certain test items. Please download the file Supplements.pdf at the Internet address of http://afs600.faa.gov/ for a complete list of the associated supplement books. Please Note: Subject matter codes appear above each item. 1. A44 RIG How many years experience (minimum) as a parachute rigger are required for an applicant to be eligible for a Master Parachute Rigger Certificate? A. 2 years. B. 5 years. C. 3 years. 2. A44 RIG In addition to other qualifications, an applicant for a Master Parachute Rigger Certificate shall show evidence of having packed satisfactorily a minimum of A. 20 parachutes of each type for which a rating is desired. B. 100 FAA-approved parachutes within the preceding 12 calendar months. C. 100 parachutes of each of 2 types in common use. 3. A44 RIG In accordance with FAR Part 65, which statement shown below is an eligibility requirement for a Senior Parachute Rigger Certificate? A. Must be able to read, write, speak, and understand the English language. B. Must be eligible for at least a Third-Class Medical Certificate. C. Must have packed at least 100 parachutes. 4. A44 RIG An applicant for a Senior Parachute Rigger Certificate must have packed a minimum number of parachutes under the supervision of which of the following? A. Any certificated parachute rigger. B. A person holding a currently effective parachute instructor's certificate. C. A certificated and appropriately rated parachute rigger or a person holding an appropriate military rating. 5. A44 RIG How many of the following are included in the knowledge requirements for a Senior Parachute Rigger Certificate? (1) The sections of FAR Part 65 that relate to parachute rigger certificates. (2) The use of the parachute. (3) The construction, packing, and maintenance of parachutes. (4) The manufacturer's instructions relating to parachutes in common use. A. 2. B. 3. C. 1. 6. A44 RIG How many parachutes must an applicant for a Senior Parachute Rigger Certificate show that he/she has packed? A. 20 parachutes each of 2 types in common use. B. 20 parachutes of each type for which a rating is sought. C. 100 parachutes of each type for which a rating is sought. 7. A44 RIG What is the minimum period of time an applicant for a Senior Parachute Rigger Certificate shall have served as a parachute rigger? A. There is no minimum time period specified. B. 2 years. C. For at least 90 days within the preceding 12 months. 8. A44 RIG Which of the following is an eligibility requirement for a Master Parachute Rigger Certificate? A. Be at least 18 years of age. B. Be at least 21 years of age. C. There is no minimum age requirement. 9. A44 RIG An applicant for a Master Parachute Rigger Certificate must have packed a minimum number of parachutes either as a senior rigger or under the supervision of which of the following? A. A certificated parachute rigger who holds the appropriate ratings or a person holding an appropriate military rating. B. A certificated master parachute rigger who also holds a currently effective parachute instructor's certificate. C. Any certificated parachute rigger. 10. A44 RIG A senior parachute rigger, who had held a back type rating for 6 years, added seat and chest type ratings to the Senior Parachute Rigger Certificate on a given date. One month later, upon meeting the experience requirements for a master rigger, the senior rigger applied, was tested, and was issued a Master Parachute Rigger Certificate. For what type ratings is the master parachute rigger eligible? A. Back type only. B. Only the types for which he/she packed at least 100 parachutes and was tested for on the master rigger test. C. Back, chest, and seat types. 11. A44 RIG Which statement is correct in reference to the skill requirements for a Senior Parachute Rigger Certificate? A. An applicant must demonstrate the ability to pack and maintain at least two types of parachutes in common use. B. An applicant must demonstrate the ability to pack and maintain at least one type of parachute in common use. C. An applicant who has a record of packing at least 20 parachutes of the type for which a rating is sought meets the skill requirements and is not required to take an oral and practical test. 12. A44 RIG (1) The requirements for a Master Parachute Rigger Certificate specify that an applicant shall have had at least 5 years of experience as a certificated senior parachute rigger. (2) If not the holder of a Senior Parachute Rigger Certificate, an applicant for a Master Parachute Rigger Certificate must pass a written test. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. B. Only No. 1 is true. C. Only No. 2 is true. 13. A44 RIG Federal Aviation Regulations provide for the issuance of which type ratings for parachute riggers? A. Seat, special purpose, back, and lap. B. Back, lap, seat, and chest. C. Chest, back, seat, and chair. 14. A44 RIG In addition to other qualifications, which requirement must be met by a member of an Armed Force of the United States who applies for a Master Parachute Rigger Certificate, and is not the holder of a Senior Parachute Rigger Certificate? A. Pass a written, oral, and practical test for each rating sought. B. Pass a written test with respect to two types of parachutes in common use. C. Pass a written test and, in addition, pass an oral and practical test on at least two parachutes in common use for each rating sought. 15. A44 RIG What is the age requirement for an applicant to be eligible for a parachute rigger certificate? A. At least 21 years of age. B. At least 18 years of age for the Senior Parachute Rigger Certificate and at least 21 years of age for the Master Parachute Rigger Certificate. C. At least 18 years of age. 16. A44 RIG Which statement is correct in reference to the test requirements for a Senior Parachute Rigger Certificate when the applicant is an eligible military rigger? A. Pass a written and practical test. B. Pass a written, oral, and practical test. C. Pass a written test. 17. A44 RIG If a certificated master parachute rigger applies for an additional type rating, how many (minimum) parachutes of the type for which he/she seeks a rating must he/she have packed? A. 100 parachutes. B. 50 parachutes. C. 20 parachutes. 18. A01 RIG What requirements must be met by an eligible member of an Armed Force of the United States who applies for a Senior Parachute Rigger Certificate? A. Pass a written test, and an oral and practical test for each rating sought. B. Pass a written test with respect to Federal Aviation Regulations. C. Pass an oral and practical test for each rating sought. 19. A44 RIG A certificated parachute rigger who applies for an additional type rating must pass A. an oral and practical test. B. a practical test. C. a written and practical test. 20. A44 RIG Which of the following is not a requirement for issuance of a Senior Parachute Rigger Certificate to an applicant who is a civilian employee (parachute rigger) of an Armed Force of the United States? A. Present satisfactory documentary evidence that he/she is a civilian employee (parachute rigger) of an Armed Force of the United States. B. Pass an oral and practical test, to the satisfaction of the FAA Administrator, showing his/her ability to pack and maintain at least one type of parachute in common use. C. Show evidence of having packed satisfactorily at least 20 parachutes of each type for which he/she seeks a rating. 21. A44 RIG A certificated senior parachute rigger who applies for an additional type rating must take which of the following tests? A. Written and practical tests. B. Written test. C. Practical test. 22. A44 RIG A certificated master parachute rigger who applies for an additional type rating must pass which of the following? A. A written test for each type rating sought. B. A written and practical test for each type rating sought. C. A practical test for each type rating sought. 23. A44 RIG When a certificated senior parachute rigger applies for an additional type rating, how many parachutes must he/she have packed? A. At least 100 parachutes of each of 2 types in common use. B. At least 20 parachutes of the type for which a rating is sought. C. At least 10 parachutes of each of 2 types in common use. 24. A100 RIG Data necessary for the issuance of an Airworthiness Directive shall be submitted by A. the parachute manufacturer. B. the FAA Engineering and Manufacturing Branch. C. senior and master parachute riggers. 25. A13 RIG A certificated parachute rigger may not pack and seal a parachute to which an Airworthiness Directive applies unless A. the unit is a reserve parachute. B. the conditions stated in the Airworthiness Directive allow further operation. C. a master rigger approves all deviations to conditions in the Airworthiness Directive. 26. A13 RIG An Airworthiness Directive is issued for a product when A. it has been determined that a product failure caused a fatality. B. the manufacturer determines that packing and service instructions are inadequate. C. an unsafe condition exists in a product and likely exists in products of the same design. 27. A44 RIG Select the correct statement regarding the privileges of a certificated parachute rigger. A. When packing the main parachute of a singleharness dual parachute pack to be used for intentional jumping, a certificated parachute rigger is not required to keep a record of the packing or to seal the pack. B. When packing the main parachute of a single harness dual parachute pack to be used for intentional jumping, all packing operations shall be conducted in a certificated parachute facility rated for packing and general maintenance. C. There are no regulatory requirements that must be followed when packing the auxiliary parachute of a single harness dual parachute pack to be used for intentional jumping. 28. A44 RIG Which of the following may pack, maintain, and alter a chest-type parachute intended for emergency use in connection with civil aircraft? A. A certificated and appropriately rated master parachute rigger. B. The owner of the parachute. C. A certificated and appropriately rated senior parachute rigger. 29. A44 RIG What are the privileges of a certificated senior parachute rigger, in addition to supervising other persons in packing any type of parachute for which he/she is rated? A. May pack or maintain (except for major repair) any type of parachute for which he/she is rated. B. May pack, maintain, inspect, and perform major and minor repairs on any type of parachute for which he/she is rated, and instruct others in performing these operations. C. May pack or maintain (except for major repairs) and perform alterations on any type of parachute for which he/she is rated. 30. A44 RIG Who may pack the main parachute of a dual parachute pack to be used for intentional jumping? A. An appropriately rated parachute rigger or the person who is to use the parachute. B. Any person associated with use of the parachute for intentional jumping. C. Only a certificated and appropriately rated parachute rigger. 31. A44 RIG Who may pack, maintain, and alter a back-type parachute intended for emergency use in connection with civil aircraft? A. A certificated and appropriately rated master parachute rigger. B. A master parachute rigger or the parachute owner. C. A certificated and appropriately rated senior parachute rigger. 32. A44 RIG Which of the following states the privileges of a Senior Parachute Rigger Certificate? A. Maintain, pack, inspect, and perform alterations on any type of parachute for which he/she is rated. B. Pack and maintain (except for major repair) any type of parachute for which he/she is rated. C. Maintain, pack, inspect, and perform major and minor repairs on any type of parachute for which he/she is rated, and instruct other individuals to perform the same operations. 33. A44 RIG Who may supervise other individuals in the proper methods and procedures of packing, maintaining, and altering parachutes? A. A certificated senior parachute rigger who also holds a currently valid parachute instructor's certificate. B. A certificated senior parachute rigger, but only for the types of parachutes for which he/she is rated. C. A certificated master parachute rigger who holds the appropriate ratings. 34. A44 RIG You have received your Senior Parachute Rigger Certificate within the last 30 days. If you are requested to pack a parachute under the privileges of your certificate, and you hold the proper rating, A. you may pack the parachute because you have shown the FAA Administrator you are able to perform those duties. B. you may not pack the parachute. C. you may pack the parachute because you have performed duties under your certificate for 30 days within the previous 12 months. 35. A44 RIG According to FAR Part 65, which statement is an acceptable performance standard for senior parachute riggers? A. Maintain packing records for a minimum of 1 year. B. Pack and alter any parachute if within the rigger's rating. C. Perform duties under his/her certificate for at least 90 days within the preceding 12 months. 36. A44 RIG Which of the following is a requirement a parachute rigger must meet in order to exercise the privileges of his/her certificate? A. Has demonstrated to the FAA Administrator that he/she is able to perform those duties. B. Performed duties under his/her certificate within the preceding 90 days. C. Packed at least 20 parachutes within the preceding 90 days. 37. A44 RIG A parachute rigger is required to present his/her certificate for inspection upon the request of A. the owner of a parachute the rigger has packed. B. a certificated pilot or flight instructor. C. any Federal, state, or local law enforcement officer. 38. A44 RIG Which of the following is privileged to perform alterations to the auxiliary canopy of a single harness dual parachute pack to be used for intentional jumping? A. A certificated and appropriately rated senior parachute rigger. B. The owner of the parachute. C. A certificated and appropriately rated master parachute rigger. 39. A44 RIG (1) A senior parachute rigger may make minor harness repairs for the types of parachutes for which he/she is rated. (2) A senior parachute rigger may alter the length of the bridle line that attaches the pilot chute to the canopy. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. B. Only No. 2 is true. C. Only No. 1 is true. 40. A44 RIG Many modern high-speed aircraft are equipped with drag chutes which are deployed upon landing to slow the aircraft. Which of the following may pack, rig, and approve for return to service this type parachute? A. The pilot or owner of the aircraft. B. A master parachute rigger. C. A certificated mechanic with an airframe rating. 41. A44 RIG Which of the following statements is true concerning the minimum facilities and equipment required for a parachute rigger to pack the main parachute of a single harness dual parachute pack to be used for intentional jumping? A. The packing must be done in a parachute facility rated for general maintenance, minor repair, canopy overhaul. B. The facilities and equipment requirements of the FAR's do not apply in this instance. C. The packing may be done outside a properly equipped facility only by an appropriately rated master parachute rigger. 42. A44 RIG When packing the main parachute of a dual parachute pack to be used for intentional jumping, a certificated parachute rigger A. shall keep a record of each parachute packed for at least 2 years. B. must have performed duties under his/her certificate for at least 90 days within the preceding 12 months. C. need not comply with the facilities, equipment, performance standards, records, and seal requirements of FAR Part 65. 43. A44 RIG According to FAR Part 65, when exercising certificate privileges, a parachute rigger must have available suitable housing that is adequately heated, lighted, and ventilated A. for drying and airing parachutes. B. and is high enough to allow a parachute to be hung vertically for drying and airing. C. and has provisions for adjusting and controlling the humidity. 44. A44 RIG What facilities and equipment are required for a certificated parachute rigger to pack the main parachute of a dual parachute pack to be used by him/her for intentional jumping? A. None. B. Adequate housing facilities to perform his/her duties. C. Facilities for airing and drying. 45. A44 RIG A certificated parachute rigger shall not exercise the privilege of his/her certificate and type ratings unless he/she understands the current manufacturer's instructions for the operation involved and A. has performed duties under his/her certificate within the preceding 90 days. B. has satisfactorily packed not less than 20 parachutes within the preceding 90 days. C. has performed duties under his/her certificate for at least 90 days within the preceding 12 months. 46. A44 RIG If requested to pack a parachute intended for emergency use, in a manner other than the manufacturer's approved method, what should a certificated rigger do? A. Refuse to pack the parachute in the manner requested. B. Request the local FAA inspector to approve the deviations from the manufacturer's approved method. C. Pack the parachute in the manner requested and drop test it to determine if the rate of opening is acceptable. 47. A44 RIG During the inspection of a parachute intended for emergency use, a certificated senior parachute rigger finds a canopy section which shows evidence of weakness or damage. What procedure should be followed? A. Refuse to pack the parachute in that condition. B. Pack the parachute; however, a rejection tag should be placed in the record pocket. C. Contact the local FAA inspector for disposition instructions. 48. A44 RIG In the exercise of your privileges as a certificated parachute rigger, you may be requested to present your certificate for inspection. Regulations do not require you to comply with such a request from which of the following? A. A certificated flight instructor. B. Any state or local law enforcement officer. C. The FAA Administrator or an authorized representative of the National Transportation Safety Board. 49. A44 RIG If a parachute rigger has not performed duties under his/her certificate within the last 12 months, he/she must A. review the manufacturer's instructions prior to packing a parachute for use. B. pack a parachute of the appropriate type under the supervision of a master parachute rigger before exercising the privileges of his/her certificate. C. show the FAA Administrator that he/she is able to satisfactorily perform the duties for which he/she is rated. 50. A44 RIG The FAA action to suspend or revoke a parachute rigger certificate may be based on (1) false statements on an application for an airman certificate or rating. (2) refusal to inspect, pack, and seal a parachute. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Only No. 1 is true. B. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. C. Only No. 2 is true. 51. A44 RIG How long must a parachute rigger retain a record of parachute packing, maintenance, and alterations? A. For at least 2 years after the disposal of the parachute. B. For at least 1 year after completion of the work. C. For at least 2 years after the date of record. 52. A44 RIG After packing a parachute, a rigger shall enter which of the following on the packing record attached to the parachute? A. The date, the rigger's certificate number, and his/her seal symbol. B. The rigger's signature, the date, and the place of packing. C. The rigger's certificate number and signature, the date and place of packing, and a notation of any defects found upon inspection. 53. A44 RIG An authorized person who performs alterations to one of the following is not required by regulation to keep a record of the alterations. A. The auxiliary parachute of a single harness dual parachute pack B. The harness of a single harness dual parachute pack. C. The main parachute of a single harness dual parachute pack. 54. A44 RIG When required each parachute rigger shall keep a record of packing, maintenance, and alterations performed or supervised. From the following, identify that which is not a required part of the record: A. The date when and the place where the work was performed. B. The type, make, and serial number of the parachute. C. The parachute rigger's seal symbol. 55. A44 RIG A person who is authorized to perform alterations to parachutes must record which of the following alterations to a single harness dual parachute pack? 1. The main parachute. 2. The harness. 3. The auxiliary parachute. 4. The auxiliary parachute container. 5. The main parachute container. A. 3, 4, 5. B. 2, 3, 4. C. 1, 2, 3. 56. A44 RIG Federal Aviation Regulations require a parachute rigger to keep a record of the packing, maintenance, and alteration performed or supervised by him/her. Identify the items required to be entered in the record. 1. Retirement date of parachute. 2. Date parachute was manufactured. 3. Name and address of parachute owner. 4. Type, make, and serial number of the parachute. 5. Date when and place where the work was performed. A. 3, 4, 5. B. 2, 3, 4. C. 1, 2, 3. 57. A44 RIG After inserting the ripcord pins in a back-type parachute, the pack is sealed A. by tying all of the pins with low tensile strength thread. B. in accordance with the manufacturer's packing instructions. C. by tying the top pin with low tensile strength thread. 58. A44 RIG (1) After packing a parachute intended for emergency use, a rigger is required to seal the pack. (2) The identifying mark used to seal a pack is issued by the parachute manufacturer. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Only No. 2 is true. B. Only No. 1 is true. C. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. 59. A44 RIG Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the seal and safety tie? A. For the protection of the rigger. B. For the protection of the user. C. Hold the pins in place. 60. A44 RIG (1) A senior parachute rigger may alter the length of the bridle line that attaches the pilot chute to the apex of the canopy. (2) Worn or damaged harness webbing may be replaced by a senior parachute rigger if the necessary equipment is available. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Neither No. 1 nor No. 2 is true. B. Only No. 1 is true. C. Only No. 2 is true. 61. A44 RIG How many of the following may alter the auxiliary parachute of a single harness dual parachute pack? (1) The owner of the parachute. (2) The person who is to use the parachute. (3) A certificated senior parachute rigger. A. None. B. One. C. Two. 62. A44 RIG Which of the following may alter the auxiliary parachute of a single harness dual parachute pack? A. The owner of the parachute. B. A certificated master parachute rigger. C. The person who intends to use the parachute. 63. A44 RIG Who may maintain or alter the main parachute of a single harness dual parachute pack to be used for intentional jumping? A. An appropriately certificated parachute rigger. B. The person who is to use the parachute. C. The owner of the parachute. 64. A44 RIG Which statement applies regarding the packing of the main parachute of a dual parachute pack when the parachute is to be used for intentional jumping? A. The parachute rigger must have performed duties under his/her certificate for at least 90 days within the preceding 12 months. B. The facilities and equipment, performance standards, records, and seal attachment requirements of FAR Part 65 do not apply in this situation. C. The parachute rigger shall maintain a record of each parachute packed for at least 2 years. 65. A44 RIG Which of the following may pack, maintain, or alter the harness, auxiliary parachute, or auxiliary parachute container of a single harness dual parachute pack to be used for intentional jumping? A. An appropriately certificated and type-rated parachute rigger. B. Any certificated parachute rigger or the person who is to use the parachute. C. Any person associated with use of the parachute for intentional jumping. 66. A44 RIG Who may pack the main parachute of a single harness dual parachute pack to be used for intentional jumping? A. Any certificated parachute rigger or the person who is to use the parachute. B. Only an appropriately certificated and type-rated parachute rigger. C. Any person associated with use of the parachute for intentional jumping. 67. A44 RIG In relation to a dual parachute pack used for intentional jumping, which of the following may be accomplished by the person who intends to use the parachute? A. Packing the main parachute. B. Packing, maintaining, or altering the main parachute. C. Packing the main parachute or the auxiliary parachute. 68. A44 RIG Inspection of a parachute reveals a canopy section which shows evidence of weakness or damage. The parachute rigger conducting the inspection shall A. refuse to pack the parachute. B. contact the local FAA inspector for disposition instructions. C. pack the parachute in the normal manner, but place a rejection tag in a conspicuous location on the pack. 69. A44 RIG The packing, maintaining, or altering of a parachute must be performed following the procedures A. approved by the FAA Administrator or the parachute manufacturer. B. prescribed in FAR Part 65. C. contained in TSO-C23b. 70. A44 RIG If you receive a parachute for packing and find it is not airworthy, what steps should be taken? A. Notify local FAA officials and dispose of the parachute as advised. B. Do not pack the parachute. C. Pack the parachute, place a 6-inch red "X" on the container, and notify the owner. 71. A44 RIG What is the lead seal identifying mark used for? A. To seal a parachute pack. B. To show if the pack has been opened. C. To identify a certificated parachute rigger. 72. A44 RIG (1) After packing a parachute intended for emergency use, a certificated parachute rigger is required to seal each pack in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations for that type of parachute. (2) The identifying mark (seal symbol) used to seal a pack is issued by the manufacturer of the specific parachute. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. B. Only No. 1 is true. C. Only No. 2 is true. 73. A44 RIG After packing a parachute, how does a certificated parachute rigger seal each pack? A. The safety tie is sealed with the seal symbol issued by the parachute manufacturer. B. The pin farthest from the ripcord handle is tied with high visibility red cotton safety thread (Mil-T-5668) in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. C. The safety tie is sealed with the rigger's individual seal in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. 74. A44 RIG How long should a parachute be aired prior to packing? A. Until the parachute is thoroughly dry. B. At least 8 hours. C. 4 hours, provided the parachute is not damp or wet. 75. A44 RIG Any repairs to a parachute must be done in accordance with procedures A. approved by the FAA Administrator or the manufacturer of the parachute B. contained in FAR Part 65. C. contained in TSO-C23b. 76. C01 RIG What Federal Aviation Regulation prescribes rules for intentional parachute jumping? A. FAR Part 91. B. FAR Part 65. C. FAR Part 105. 77. L90 RIG From the list below, identify the repairs that cannot be approved by a senior parachute rigger. 1. Place suspension lines in proper sequence on a removable connector link. 2. Replace a damaged suspension line. 3. Replace a canopy panel. 4. Replace pack opening bands. 5. Replace D-rings on the parachute harness. 6. Replace pack cones or grommets. A. 1, 3, 6. B. 4, 5, 6. C. 2, 3, 5. 78. L90 RIG Which of the following Federal Aviation Regulations should the parachute rigger be knowledgeable of? A. FAR Parts 65 and 105. B. FAR Parts 63 and 145. C. FAR Parts 63 and 147. 79. P37 RIG Which of the following repairs may be made by a senior parachute rigger? A. Sew a lift web to the links. B. Sew a tear that has crossed a radial seam. C. Replace a damaged ripcord housing with a factory unit. 80. P37 RIG Which of the following repairs can be approved by a certificated senior parachute rigger? 1. Replacing a grommet. 2. Cleaning a stained harness. 3. Replacing suspension lines. 4. Arranging suspension lines in proper sequence on a separable link. 5. Repairing a lateral band. 6. Replacing an apex cap. A. 5, 4, 6. B. 1, 2, 4. C. 2, 3, 5. 81. P37 RIG Regulations require an authorized person who performs alterations to parachutes to keep a record of certain alterations. Which of the following must be recorded? Altering the 1. main parachute of a single harness dual parachute pack. 2. harness of a single harness dual parachute pack. 3. auxiliary parachute of a single harness dual parachute pack. 4. auxiliary parachute container of a single harness dual parachute pack. 5. main parachute container of a single harness dual parachute pack. A. 2, 3, 4. B. 1, 2, 3. C. 3, 4, 5. 82. P37 RIG Who may install Capewell fasteners (for a main back pack) on a single harness dual parachute pack? A. Military rated parachute rigger. B. Master parachute rigger. C. Person using the parachute for intentional jumping. 83. P59 RIG When packing a ram-air parachute if the lines are not properly straightened, what malfunction could occur? A. End cell closure. B. Locked bag. C. Line - over. 84. C03 RIG A nylon back-type parachute intended for emergency use should be completely inspected and repacked at the end of A. 60 days. B. 120 days. C. 90 days. 85. P33 RIG A suspension line hook is used to A. push the suspension lines into container. B. lift web connector to suspension lines. C. stow suspension lines. 86. P33 RIG What is used to hold the canopy and suspension lines in place during packing? A. Shot bags. B. Fids. C. Tension hooks. 87. P33 RIG After closing the pack, the ripcord is inserted and the ends of the pack are dressed out by A. a packing hook. B. hand. C. a packing paddle. 88. P37 RIG How is a back-type parachute pack sealed? A. By tying the pin nearest the grip with low tensile strength thread, and attaching a lead seal. B. By tying the top and bottom pins with low tensile strength thread, and attaching a lead seal. C. By tying the pin farthest from the grip, with low tensile strength thread, and attaching a lead seal. 89. P37 RIG (1) When sealing a pack, the lead seal should be positioned over the safety-tie threads and securely compressed. (2) Manufacturers' instructions require the replacement of all harness tacking each time a parachute is packed. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Only No. 2 is true. B. Only No. 1 is true. C. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. 90. P37 RIG After inserting the ripcord pins in the locking cones on a back-type parachute, the pack is sealed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions using low tensile strength thread to tie the A. last pin. B. center pin. C. top pin. 91. P39 RIG When packing a parachute with harness attached, you find the canopy, suspension lines, and harness twisted and tangled. Which of the following should be accomplished first? A. Remove the twists and tangles in the suspension lines nearest the canopy. B. Determine that the canopy is right side out. C. Remove the twists and tangles in the suspension lines nearest the harness. 92. P39 RIG What action should be taken prior to opening a parachute pack that has been presented for repacking? A. Inspect the exterior of the pack for signs of stains and wear points. B. Perform a compressed pack test. C. Have the parachute drop-tested to determine if the canopy material meets the strength requirements of TSO-C23b. 93. P39 RIG When laying out a seat or back-type parachute for packing, how should the harness be placed with reference to body position of the wearer? A. Face up with the head toward the canopy. B. Face up with the head away from the canopy. C. Face down with the head toward the canopy. 94. P39 RIG The first step in preparing a parachute for packing is to lay the parachute full length on a packing table and A. replace the ripcord handle in its pocket. B. hook to tension devices and add mild tension. C. untie the suspension lines. 95. P39 RIG In preparation for packing a parachute, the apex must be checked to ensure that it is A. open. B. straight. C. closed. 96. P39 RIG When packing a parachute, you find the suspension lines twisted and tangled. Which of the following should be accomplished first? A. Follow the suspension lines from connector link to connector link. B. Remove the twists and tangles from the lines nearest the harness. C. Remove the twists and tangles beginning with the apex and working down to the harness. 97. P39 RIG After a parachute has been stretched to its full length on the packing table, the next step in the packing procedure is to A. attach the connector links to the tension hooks. B. assure that canopy is right side out. C. remove the twists from the harness and suspension lines. 98. P39 RIG Which of the following checks cannot be made after the parachute has been packed and sealed? A. Condition of vent collar. B. Condition of safety thread on ripcord locking pin. C. Security of ripcord housing. 99. P39 RIG When packing a parachute, what determines the width of the canopy folds? A. The width of the suspension line channels. B. The width of the pack or deployment bag. C. The diameter of the canopy. 100. P39 RIG In the process of packing a parachute, the apex is generally released from the table prior to which of the following operations? A. Pleating the gores. B. Straightening the top lateral band. C. Accordion-folding the canopy. 101. P39 RIG When packing a parachute, after the right and left-hand gores have been properly folded, both groups of gores should be folded once A. over the center of the canopy. B. toward the lower lateral band. C. toward the upper lateral band. 102. P39 RIG When preparing a 28-foot chest canopy for folding, after the suspension lines have been equally divided between the left and right sides, where will the gore which contains the manufacturer's data be located if the canopy is laid out properly? A. On the top between suspension lines 1 and 28. B. On the bottom between suspension lines 13 and 14. C. On the top between suspension lines 7 and 8. 103. P39 RIG The stowage location for the first bight of suspension lines is determined by A. TSO-C23b. B. packing instructions. C. length of risers. 104. P39 RIG If both right and left groups of gores have been folded properly, how many gores cross the suspension lines? A. Four. B. Two. C. None. 105. P39 RIG Select the tool used to make the folds in the canopy and to smooth out the pack. A. Fids. B. Packing paddles. C. Tension hooks. 106. P39 RIG A shot bag is placed over the suspension lines during the gore-folding process in order to A. give tension on the apex. B. keep the lines in their holders. C. hold the canopy folds in position. 107. P39 RIG To facilitate suspension line pullout, the lines should be stowed so that they extend through the retainer loop A. not more than 1/2 inch. B. only to the edge of loop. C. according to manufacturer's instructions. 108. P39 RIG Which group of suspension lines is connected to the inboard end of the riser connector links (28-foot canopy)? A. Lines 1, 6, 12, and 28. B. Lines 1, 7, 13, and 20. C. Lines 1, 14, 15, and 28. 109. P39 RIG Select the drawing from Figure 5 that shows the correct rotation of the suspension lines on the connector links of a 24-foot, four-link canopy. A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. 110. P33 RIG After hanging a parachute in a loft, you find the suspension lines will not clear the floor. What is the recommended procedure to follow? A. Lay excess length of lines on a table. B. Chain the lines. C. Leave the excess length of lines in the retainer loops. 111. P36 RIG What is the purpose of the pack-opening bands? A. To pull the container flaps apart. B. To aid ripcord deployment. C. When packed, holds the pilot chute in place. 112. P36 RIG Which operation should be performed first when fitting a parachute harness to the wearer? A. Place the chest strap approximately 4 inches below the chin and adjust the shoulder adapters. B. Adjust the back straps. C. Position the sling under the buttocks to form a seat. 113. P36 RIG Why is it necessary that the open end of pack opening elastic or spring band hooks be closed with pliers? A. The pilot chute canopy or suspension lines have less chance of catching on hooks. B. The hook may slip out of the eye when the pack opens unless assembled in this manner. C. The hook and eye is easier to assemble in this manner. 114. P36 RIG How far must the ripcord pins normally be pulled to unlock the pack? A. 1-1/4 inches. B. 1/2 inch. C. 2 inches. 115. P36 RIG What are the principal functions of the ripcord housing? A. Hold the pack cover and pilot chute flap in place. B. Protect the ripcord cable from accidental release. C. Make the ripcord easier to pull and hold it in position after pack opening. 116. P37 RIG Which of the following would be a satisfactory method of storing a nylon parachute for an extended period of time (6 months)? A. The parachute should be stored in an unpacked condition in a dry place and protected from the Sun's rays. B. The parachute should be aired, packed, and stored in a parachute-carrying bag. C. The parachute should be stored in a packed condition in a sealed cellophane bag. 117. P37 RIG What is the purpose of naphthalene flakes when used in storage areas? A. Provide rodent protection. B. Provide mildew protection. C. Help maintain proper humidity conditions. 118. P37 RIG A common term used in rigging parachutes is "chaining", which denotes the A. weighting of the skirt hem when hanging a canopy for drying. B. method of temporarily gathering the suspension lines for convenience in handling. C. method of closing some packs. 119. P37 RIG Which of the following chemicals should be used to prevent a parachute from mildewing while in storage? A. Methylene Chloride. B. Naphthalene. C. Ammonia. 120. P38 RIG The amount of time required for a round canopy to fill with air is not affected by which of the following factors? A. Vent size and arrangement. B. Bias construction of the canopy. C. Distribution of porosity. 121. P38 RIG What happens to the pilot chute of a square main canopy that has fully opened? A. It trails behind the main canopy. B. It drops through the vent and hangs inside the canopy. C. It remains inflated. 122. P38 RIG What is meant by the phrase "opening shock"? A. The force exerted on the pilot chute when it ejects from the pack. B. The force applied as the suspension lines pay out of their retainers. C. The force exerted on the jumper when the canopy inflates. 123. P38 RIG When trimming a ram-air canopy, what flight characteristic is enhanced by pitching the nose down? A. Glide. B. Rate of turn. C. Stability. 124. P56 RIG Reserve closing loops are sewn together with what type stitch? A. Bartack (392). B. Straight (301). C. Zigzag (308). 125. P39 RIG During the inspection of a parachute canopy, an area is found where a number of warp yarns are not properly interlaced. This condition is best described as A. a smash. B. a float. C. undrawn yarn. 126. P39 RIG Which defect in parachute canopy material is characterized by an abruptly thickened place in the cloth or a bunch of lint caught in the yarn? A. A slub or strip back. B. Undrawn yarn. C. A float. 127. P39 RIG Why is an acid stain more serious than any other type of stain on a parachute? A. No repair is authorized. B. It can be treated only at a certificated repair facility. C. It may not be detected until deterioration of the fabric occurs. 128. P39 RIG How can sunlight damage to white nylon canopy fabric be identified? A. Moisten an area with distilled water and test using red litmus paper. B. Moisten an area with distilled water and test using blue litmus paper. C. When viewed under an ultraviolet light, the fabric will have a white fluorescence. 129. P39 RIG Battery acid stains on the parachute containers and harnesses made of dark fabrics generally will appear A. brown. B. red. C. white. 130. P39 RIG Which procedure should be followed when testing parachute fabric for suspected acid stains? A. Apply litmus paper moistened with distilled water. B. Rub vigorously with an artgum eraser. C. Twist the fabric back and forth with the fingers. 131. P39 RIG A white crystalline substance on a parachute canopy or pack is evidence of a stain caused by A. acid. B. gasoline. C. salt water. 132. P39 RIG Ram-air or square parachute canopies are easily inspected A. when suspended by trailing edge. B. with the lines attached to the ceiling and trailing edge anchored to a sliding table. C. when laid out on a packing table. 133. P39 RIG When necessary to clean a large area of a round canopy to remove stains and dirt, which of the following cleaning methods should be used? A. Scrub the stained area using a soft bristle brush saturated with clean, fresh water. B. Wash in warm water with a mild soap. Soak and agitate until dirt is removed and rinse several times. C. Submerge the canopy in a cleaning mixture and rub the material together until the stain is removed. 134. P39 RIG Which of the following methods should be used to dry a parachute canopy that has been rinsed or soaked in clear water? A. Dry the canopy in an electric dryer. B. Hang the canopy in a drying tower and allow it to drip dry. C. Wring the canopy thoroughly and hang it to dry. 135. P39 RIG Which method is commonly used to remove grease and oil stains from parachute canopies? A. Replace the entire panel that contains the stain. B. Apply an approved solvent. C. Wash with castile soap and water. 136. P39 RIG Which method is commonly used to remove mildew stain from a round parachute canopy? A. Replace the entire panel that contains the stain. B. Wash with mild soap and water. C. Wash with naphtha. 137. P39 RIG Select the correct statement concerning the cleaning of nylon parachute harness which has become soiled due to handling. A. Wash with a 2 percent solution of phenol (carbolic acid). B. Use warm water. C. Clean the affected areas with a petroleum-base solvent. 138. P39 RIG How can you detect the presence of acid on parachute fabrics? A. By sight. B. By drop testing the parachute. C. By the use of litmus paper. 139. P39 RIG What is normally used to remove blood stains from parachutes? A. Dry cleaning solvent. B. Cold water. C. Naphtha. 140. P39 RIG Which statement applies to the care of a nylon parachute that has fallen into a lake or river of fresh water? A. Rinse in clean fresh water, hang in tower, and allow to dry. B. Rinse in a mild soap and water solution to remove dirt and hang in the Sun to dry. C. Twist the fabric parts gently by hand to remove excess water and hang until dry. 141. P39 RIG What is used to neutralize the destructive effects of battery acid on parachutes? A. Acetone. B. Warm water. C. Ammonia. 142. P39 RIG Parachute containers which have been contaminated with electrolyte from a lead-acid battery can be neutralized using a solution of A. acetone and warm water. B. potassium hydroxide and boric acid. C. ammonia and distilled water. 143. P39 RIG Perspiration stains on a parachute must be treated in the same manner as contamination from A. acid. B. salt water. C. mildew. 144. P40 RIG A suspension line twist is an entanglement in which the lines are A. twisted due to the rotation of the suspended load. B. around the canopy. C. through the harness. 145. P40 RIG When one or more of the suspension lines pass over the top of the canopy during deployment, it is referred to as A. a line over. B. a streamer. C. a partial inversion. 146. P40 RIG A deployment bag is used A. to allow the canopy to fill before the suspension lines are deployed. B. to protect the canopy after canopy deployment. C. to delay canopy filling until suspension lines are deployed. 147. P40 RIG A line-over is the term used when one or more suspension lines A. are twisted. B. cross on the raisers. C. pass over the inflated canopy. 148. P54 RIG What component of a ram-air canopy assembly induces the greatest amount of parasitic drag? A. Canopy skin. B. Suspension lines. C. Leading edge openings. 149. P57 RIG Which of the following would NOT induce a persistent turn in a ram-air canopy? A. improper packing. B. a short steering line. C. replacing a line of improper length. 150. P58 RIG When packing a ram-air canopy, if the leading edge of the canopy is folded inward and rolled tightly to the second line, how will the canopy perform? A. It will open softer. B. It is less likely to snivel. C. It will inflate faster. 151. P58 RIG Which could alleviate a hard opening ram-air canopy? A. Installing a smaller slider. B. Roll packing the canopy. C. Packing the canopy with a split nose. 152. P59 RIG What do the Federal Aviation Regulations consider to be the service life of a parachute? A. 7 years. B. 5 years. C. As long as it is in condition for safe operation. 153. L90 RIG During the assembly of approved parachute components, if a conflict arises between the canopy manufacturer's instruction's and the container manufacturer's instructions how should the rigger proceed? Precedence should be given to the A. container manufacturer's instructions. B. intended use of the assemble. C. canopy manufacturer's instructions. 154. L90 RIG The term "backpack or chestpack" refers to the parachute assembly, less the A. harness. B. main parachute when referring to a dual assembly used for intentional jumping. C. reserve parachute. 155. L90 RIG When combining components certificated under TSO-C23b and TSO-C23c, which component is the limiting factor for speed and weight? A. Container. B. Harness. C. Canopy. 156. P34 RIG Select the term which is applicable to the material threads indicated by "A" in the drawing of Figure 2. A. Fill. B. Selvage. C. Warp. 157. P34 RIG "Ripstop" is a term commonly used to describe A. webbing material. B. canopy material. C. canvas material. 158. P34 RIG Which of the fittings illustrated in Figure 6 has the greatest tensile strength? A. 2. B. 3. C. 1. 159. P34 RIG Which of the following pull forces on a nylon hook and pile fastener installation is the strongest? A. Peel, lengthwise. B. Curved shear, lengthwise. C. Straight shear, lengthwise. 160. P34 RIG Warp threads are those that run A. the length of a bolt of material. B. across the width of a bolt of material. C. the length of a seam. 161. P36 RIG Nylon tubular webbing is commonly used in which of the following parachute parts? A. Canopy lower lateral band. B. Harness straps. C. Pilot chute bridle line. 162. P36 RIG How is the outside covering of the parachute container provided with the necessary elasticity? A. By cutting the covering in one piece on the bias. B. By joining all seams using a zigzag stitch. C. By constructing it of nylon fabric. 163. P36 RIG Normally, ripcord cables are manufactured of A. galvanized carbon steel cable. B. Monel metal wire. C. stainless steel 3/32 aircraft cable. 164. P36 RIG Give one reason for properly attaching the ripcord housing to the parachute pack. A. Helps retain the locking pins in their cones. B. It is required by TSO-C23b. C. To increase the ripcord pull force. 165. P37 RIG How many rows of stitches extend the entire length of the radial seam on a continuous line canopy? A. Six. B. Two. C. Four. 166. P37 RIG Which stitching shown in Figure 7 illustrates a correctly folded and stitched radial seam? (Shown in cross section.) A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. 167. P37 RIG Identify the stitching in Figure 8 which illustrates the correct stitching pattern for attaching the connector link to the lift web. A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. 168. P37 RIG The loose end of webbing used in a parachute harness should be secured by A. turning back three times and securing with a surgeon's knot. B. searing and hand sewing. C. turning back three times and machine sewing. 169. P37 RIG At what point in the assembly of a parachute system should the ripcord pocket be secured to the harness? A. Before the pack is attached to the harness. B. After the canopy is packed. C. Just before the canopy is packed. 170. P37 RIG A rubber vent collar ring is capable of A. controlling horizontal direction while descending. B. holding the vent closed, especially during opening shock. C. stretching to the diameter of the vent hem. 171. P37 RIG On four-link canopies, the suspension lines are secured to the connector links using a A. bowline and a clove hitch. B. bowline and a half-hitch. C. clove hitch and a half-hitch. 172. P37 RIG Where are the suspension lines attached to the gores to prevent the canopy from slipping along the lines? A. Along both the radial and diagonal seams. B. Along the radial seams. C. Along the diagonal seams. 173. P37 RIG Select the knot in Figure 4 which shows a correct method for attaching suspension lines on a four-link canopy to a connector link. (Knots are shown expanded for clarity.) A. 3 B. 2 C. 1 174. P37 RIG What prevents an auxiliary pack canopy from collapsing if one connector snap is not secured or pulls out of the harness "D-ring" when the canopy is deployed? A. The connector links. B. The breast strap. C. The cross connector strap. 175. P37 RIG Dacron control lines are desirable for ram-air canopies because A. they resist guide ring abrasions better than kevlar lines. B. they are easier to install. C. they stretch less than kevlar lines. 176. P38 RIG The elasticity of a properly constructed seam or stitching depends upon which of the following? A. Thread strength and elasticity. B. Stitch type and thread elasticity. C. Seam type and thread elasticity. 177. P38 RIG (1) The elasticity of a seam or stitching should be slightly less than the material which it joins. (2) The elasticity of a seam or stitching depends upon the stitch type and the thread elasticity. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. B. Only No. 1 is true. C. Only No. 2 is true. 178. P38 RIG Identify the type of stitch formed when two needle threads pass through the material in the same perforation from opposite directions without interlacing or interlooping. A. Running stitch. B. Chain stitch. C. Lock stitch. 179. P38 RIG What affects the strength of a sewed seam? A. Thread tension and stitches per inch. B. Seam efficiency of the material and the type of seam. C. Both of the above. 180. P38 RIG Figure 14 is a cross section of a series of machine sewn stitches. The type of stitch is A. a zigzag stitch. B. a chain stitch. C. a lock stitch. 181. P38 RIG The free ends of the nylon cord used for tacking the lift web in Figure 1 are secured by a A. half-hitch and a square knot. B. surgeon's knot and a single overhand lock knot. C. clove hitch and a surgeon's knot. 182. P38 RIG The leading edge of a square parachute is open in order to A. maintain the shape of the canopy. B. reduce surge on opening. C. maintain directional control. 183. P38 RIG What type knot is generally used to fasten the pilot chute to the bridle line? A. Bowline. B. Clove hitch. C. Half-hitch. 184. P38 RIG Which of the following statements most accurately describes the radial seam used in a bias-constructed canopy? A. The seam is sewed with a single row of zigzag stitching. B. The seam has a single row of stitching on each side of the channel that encloses the suspension line. C. The seam has two rows of stitching on each side of the channel that encloses the suspension line. 185. P38 RIG What is the reason for leaving slack in the fabric between attachment points of suspension lines on a block constructed canopy? A. Increases the canopy maximum opening velocity. B. Reduces canopy fill time and increase total volume. C. Reduces strain on canopy during opening shock. 186. P38 RIG "Porosity," as used in parachute terminology, is expressed in terms of the A. weight of cloth per square yard. B. rate of airflow through the canopy. C. rate of descent. 187. P38 RIG What is one advantage of bias construction of parachute canopies? A. Decreases the bulk of the parachute. B. Lessens the weight of the parachute. C. Provides additional strength. 188. P38 RIG Which of the stitching in Figure 3 illustrates a correctly folded and stitched seam? (Shown in cross section.) A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. 189. P38 RIG Traditionally in square parachutes, the warp yarns run A. chordwise. B. on the bias. C. spanwise. 190. P38 RIG A ram-air canopy (1) has an upper surface, airfoil shaped ribs, and a rectangular platform. (2) having a high aspect ratio, has a short cord and a long span. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Only No. 1 is true. B. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. C. Only No. 2 is true. 191. P38 RIG Select the statement which correctly refers to the assembly of the suspension lines and canopy (standard-type parachute). A. The suspension lines are enclosed in channels which are produced by the radial seam stitching, and the entire length of each line is lock stitched to the canopy. B. The suspension lines are enclosed in channels which are produced by the radial seam stitching. C. The suspension lines are enclosed in channels which are produced by the diagonal seam stitching. 192. P38 RIG Why is zigzag stitching used to complete the attachment of suspension lines to the riser links? A. It allows elongation of the suspension line without over stressing the thread. B. It allows for more stitches per linear inch than other types of stitching. C. It is stronger than other types of stitching. 193. P38 RIG Hand tacking should be tied off with what kind of knot? A. A surgeon's knot and a locking knot. B. A square knot and a bowline knot. C. A bowline knot. 194. P38 RIG Which of the seams illustrated in Figure 11 is a French fell seam? A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. 195. P38 RIG What two types of stitching are normally used in the manufacture and maintenance of parachutes? A. Lock stitch and hand stitch. B. Chain stitch and blind stitch. C. Chain stitch and hand stitch. 196. P38 RIG Which of the seams illustrated in Figure 12 is an English fell seam? (Cross section shown.) A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. 197. P38 RIG Which of the following has the least effect on the overall strength of a sewn seam? A. Type of seam used and seam construction. B. Moisture content of the fabric at the time of sewing. C. Stitching pattern and number of stitches. 198. P38 RIG Why should the elasticity of a seam or stitching be slightly greater than that of the fabric it joins? A. So that the material will support its share of the expected load. B. To assure balanced seam construction that has the neatness in appearance to match adjacent seams. C. To minimize abrasion and wear of the thread from contact with other parts of the parachute assembly. 199. P38 RIG Which type of machine stitch is used most frequently in the repair and maintenance of parachutes? A. Lock stitch. B. Chain stitch. C. Overedge stitch. 200. P40 RIG Which of the following is the definition of "gore" as it applies to a parachute canopy? A. A gore is that portion of double thickness fabric which is used to reinforce the canopy vent area (apex). B. A gore is a portion of fabric cut on a bias with the warp of the fabric running at a 45 degree angle to the centerline of the section. C. A gore is a portion of fabric bounded by any two suspension lines, the apex, and the skirt hem. 201. P40 RIG Which of the following statements is correct in reference to the construction of a gore as used in a bias-constructed type parachute canopy? A. Each gore is a single piece of fabric cut perpendicular to the centerline of the gore. B. Each gore is composed of sections cut at a 45 degree angle to the centerline of the gore. C. Each gore is a single piece of fabric cut at a 45 degree angle to the centerline of the gore. 202. P40 RIG A bias-cut canopy is one in which A. the canopy hem and vent hem are parallel to the selvage edge of the material in the gore. B. the threads in the panel segments are 45 degrees to the centerline of the gore. C. all seams are biased. 203. P40 RIG A canopy constructed so that the warp and filler threads of the cloth run 45 degrees to the centerline of the gore is called A. angular construction. B. bias construction. C. radial construction. 204. P40 RIG Which statement describes the use, description, and type of material of grommets used in parachutes? A. Used between the button and stud of snap fasteners, round in shape, and made of metal. B. A round reinforcement used around holes, and made of metal. C. Used as a plastic reinforcement around holes for mounting clamp-type fasteners. 205. P40 RIG Which of the following one-word definitions best describes a grommet? A. Reinforcement. B. Button. C. Washer. 206. P40 RIG (1) Filler yarns of parachute canopy materials run crosswise of the cloth as it comes from the loom. (2) When applying a patch, the patch material filler yarns must be matched with those of the canopy. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Only No. 1 is true. B. Only No. 2 is true. C. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. 207. P53 RIG What is the most accepted process used when cutting nylon webbing? A. Shearing. B. Cutting. C. Searing. 208. P54 RIG How is a barrel-type quick link (Rapide link) oriented when installed between a riser and the suspension lines? A. The links maybe turned either way, as long as all links are positioned the same. B. The longer section of the link connects to the riser. C. The shorter section of the link connects to the riser. 209. P56 RIG What is the best ratio of pilot chute area to main canopy area for deployment speeds up to 150 knots? A. 5% B. 3% C. .5% 210. P57 RIG What is the correct procedure for measuring replacement Spectra line? Before marking, tension under A. 10 lbs. B. 30 lbs. for 30 seconds. C. 5 lbs. for 30 minutes. 211. P57 RIG Crossports are usually located between A-B and B-C line attachment points, this area provides A. delayed onset of stall. B. the least strength degradation. C. the best air flow through the canopy. 212. P57 RIG Where are crossports located in a ram-air canopy? A. In the outboard end ribs. B. At 10% of the cord. C. Midway between suspension line attachment points. 213. P58 RIG The purpose of stabilizer panels in a square parachute is to A. reduce initial deployment by reefing the canopy. B. stabilize canopy surge during deployment. C. reduce wing tip vortices. 214. P58 RIG When preparing braided line for a finger trap loop, how should the line be cut? The end should be A. trimmed diagonally with a hot knife. B. trimmed diagonally with a pair of scissors. C. sheared straight. 215. P58 RIG Identify the knots in the order shown in Figure 9. A. (1) square; (2) clove hitch; (3) lark's head. B. (1) surgeon's; (2) bowline; (3) lark's head. C. (1) surgeon's; (2) lark's head; (3) clove hitch. 216. P58 RIG When stitching a finger trap loop, where should bar tacking be placed? A. Close to the formed loop. B. On both ends of the loop. C. Continuous from loop to bitter end. 217. P59 RIG Ram-air canopies of what aspect ratio receive the greatest benefit from stabilizer panels? A. Medium. B. High. C. Low. 218. Y60 RIG Which specification is applicable to parachutes? A. TSO-C23b. B. TSO-C83a. C. TSO-C22a. 219. Y60 RIG (1) Each parachute outfit shall be provided with at least an inner pocket for keeping a record card. (2) The inner pocket shall be located in the center of the packed container tray or frame. Regarding the above statements, for a TSO-C23b parachute, which of the following is true? A. Neither No. 1 nor No. 2 is true. B. Only No. 1 is true. C. Only No. 2 is true. 220. Y60 RIG The pull required to cause the positive and quick operation of the pack opening device shall not exceed A. 22 pounds. B. 12 pounds. C. 18 pounds. 221. Y60 RIG Before installation on a parachute assembly, a ripcord must withstand a minimum load of at least A. 22 pounds. B. 150 pounds. C. 300 pounds. 222. Y60 RIG To meet TSO-C23b requirements for FAA approval, all fittings on a parachute must be A. made of corrosion-resistant steel. B. plated to resist corrosion. C. able to withstand their full-rated load without yielding. 223. Y60 RIG (1) Low-speed parachutes must be marked in accordance with NAS 804. (2) TSO-C23b auxiliary parachutes are required to have an inner pocket for keeping a record card. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Only No. 1 is true. B. Only No. 2 is true. C. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. 224. Y60 RIG Which parts of a TSO-C23b parachute are required to be marked with the parachute model number, and date of manufacture? A. Canopy and harness. B. Harness, pack, and canopy. C. Pilot chute and canopy. 225. Y60 RIG Technical Standard Order-C23b provides specifications for which of the following types of parachutes? A. Standard and sport. B. Low-speed and high-speed. C. Low-speed and standard. 226. Y60 RIG A low-speed parachute to be certified under TSO-C23b must withstand a shock load of A. 5,000 pounds. B. 8,000 pounds. C. 3,000 pounds. 227. Y60 RIG Which document contains the specifications for TSO-C23b parachute assemblies? A. National Aircraft Standards NAS-804. B. Aerospace Standard 8015B. C. American National Standard S-017. 228. Y60 RIG What is the maximum pull in pounds allowed for the pack opening device of a TSO-C23b parachute? A. 10 lbs. B. 16 lbs. C. 22 lbs. 229. Y61 RIG TSO-C23c requires certain information be marked on components of a parachute assembly. Which of the following information is required on the ripcord? A. Category A, B, or C placard. B. National Aircraft Standard Number "NAS-804". C. Part number. 230. Y61 RIG In addition to other required marking the stowage container of a TSO-C23c parachute assembly shall be marked with which information? A. Highest maximum operating weight and highest maximum operating speed on any component in the assembly. B. Lowest maximum operating weight and highest maximum operating speed of any component in the assembly. C. Lowest maximum operating weight and lowest maximum operating speed of any component in the assembly. 231. Y61 RIG Which document contains specifications for TSO-C23c parachute assemblies? A. National Aircraft Standards NAS-804. B. Aerospace Standards 8015B. C. American National Standard S-017. 232. Y61 RIG What is the minimum pull allowed for the ripcord handle of a TSO-23c parachute assembly. A. 16 lbs. B. 5 lbs. C. 22 lbs. 233. A01 RIG (1) Replacement of a canopy panel is a minor repair. (2) Replacement of a suspension line is a minor repair. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Only No. 1 is true. B. Only No. 2 is true. C. Neither No. 1 nor No. 2 is true. 234. A01 RIG (1) Dyeing of a canopy is an alteration. (2) Replacement of a suspension line is a minor repair. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. B. Only No. 1 is true. C. Only No. 2 is true. 235. A01 RIG Replating a load-carrying parachute fitting would be considered a A. major repair. B. minor repair. C. major alteration. 236. P37 RIG What test method is used to determine tear resistance of fabric having approximately the same strength in both warp and fill directions? A. Tongue. B. Tangent. C. Trapezoid. 237. P37 RIG (1) If a drop test is required to determine the serviceability of a canopy, a certificated senior parachute rigger may perform the drop test. (2) A senior parachute rigger may replace pack opening elastic or spring bands. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Only No. 2 is true. B. Only No. 1 is true. C. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. 238. L90 RIG (1) Worn or damaged harness webbing may be replaced by a certificated senior parachute rigger, providing the necessary equipment is available. (2) The replacement of a damaged suspension line is a minor repair. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Neither No. 1 nor No. 2 is true. B. Only No. 1 is true. C. Only No. 2 is true. 239. L90 RIG (1) The replacement of a damaged suspension line is a minor repair. (2) A senior parachute rigger may make minor repairs to harnesses for the type of parachutes for which he/she is rated. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Only No. 2 is true. B. Only No. 1 is true. C. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. 240. L90 RIG (1) The replacement of a damaged suspension line is a major repair. (2) A master parachute rigger may make major repairs to harnesses for the type of parachutes for which he/she is rated. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Only No. 2 is true. B. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. C. Only No. 1 is true. 241. L90 RIG If a tear continued across a radial seam of an auxiliary pack canopy, who is authorized to make the repair? A. The user of the parachute. B. A master parachute rigger. C. A senior parachute rigger with an appropriate rating. 242. P33 RIG Which tool is generally used when replacing pack opening elastics or spring bands? A. An awl. B. A packing hook. C. A bodkin. 243. P33 RIG Figure 10 is a cross section of a series of lock stitches sewn by machine. Which action will aid in correcting the fault shown? A. Increase presser foot pressure and decrease feed dog pressure. B. Increase bobbin thread tension and decrease needle thread tension. C. Decrease bobbin thread tension and increase needle thread tension. 244. P33 RIG When starting to sew a seam with a lock stitch sewing machine, the operator should hold A. both threads for the first three or four stitches. B. the lower thread for the first two stitches. C. the upper thread for the first two stitches. 245. P33 RIG What determines the proper size sewing machine needle to use in repairing a parachute? A. The size of hole in the feed dog. B. The machine being used. C. The thread size and material being used. 246. P33 RIG Which component of the sewing machine used for parachute repair work prevents the thread from becoming split by the needle as it travels through the material? A. The needle thread controller spring. B. The needle bar. C. The thread take-up lever. 247. P33 RIG A properly adjusted sewing machine will produce a stitch that locks A. in the center of the thickness of the materials being joined. B. on the top surface of the materials being joined. C. on the bottom surface of the materials being joined. 248. P33 RIG (1) A sewing machine will not feed properly if the feed dog is set too low. (2) Too little pressure on the presser foot of a sewing machine will result in staggered stitches. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. B. Only No. 2 is true. C. Only No. 1 is true. 249. P33 RIG If the bobbin is threaded incorrectly, what is the most likely malfunction to occur while operating a sewing machine? A. Breakage of the upper thread. B. Skipped stitches. C. Breakage of the lower thread. 250. P33 RIG Figure 13 is a cross section of a series of lock stitches sewn by machine. What action will help correct the fault shown? A. Decrease bobbin thread tension. B. Decrease stitch length. C. Decrease needle thread tension. 251. P33 RIG Figure 15 shows a cross section of a series of lock stitches sewn by machine. What action will help correct the fault shown? A. Decrease stitch spacing. B. Decrease bobbin thread tension. C. Decrease needle thread tension. 252. P33 RIG (1) When machine sewing, skipped stitches can result if the needle is bent. (2) Excessive friction between the thread and the needle eye could cause skipped stitches. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Only No. 1 is true. B. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. C. Only No. 2 is true. 253. P33 RIG Which of the following is used to determine the size of the sewing machine needle to be used for a particular job? A. Size of the hole in the feed dog. B. Length of the seam to be sewn. C. Thread size and type of cloth. 254. P33 RIG What is one result of having too much thread in the bobbin when machine sewing? A. Staggered stitching. B. Improper meshing of the lock stitch. C. Lower thread breakage. 255. P34 RIG When operating a sewing machine, which of the following can occur if the feed dog is positioned too high? A. Staggered stitches. B. Stitches will break or pull out. C. The cloth will pucker. 256. P37 RIG The most common fabric damage to ram-air canopies occurs where? A. The lower surface. B. The upper surface. C. The ribs. 257. P37 RIG Ripstop tape may be used for which of the following purposes? A. To make major repairs to canvas containers. B. To repair minor defects in the canopy. C. To attach the excess length of harness riser strap to the container. 258. P37 RIG What size thread is used to sew nylon canopy radial seams when making a repair? A. One size larger than original. B. Size B. C. Size E. 259. P37 RIG Which type of stitch should be used for sewing a tear in a parachute container in preparation for patching? A. Backstitch. B. Baseball stitch. C. Darning stitch. 260. P37 RIG A worn locking cone must be A. smoothed by grinding the cone using an emery wheel. B. replaced with a new cone. C. smoothed by rubbing the cone with emery cloth. 261. P37 RIG Removal of a grommet is accomplished principally by which operation? A. Prying. B. Filing. C. Crimping. 262. P37 RIG When repairing a broken stitch in a canopy seam, what action should be taken? A. Reinforce the seam by applying a patch. B. Overstitch for at least 1 inch on each end. C. Sew back and forth across the ends of the broken stitch. 263. P37 RIG Normally, when hand sewing loose eyes on a parachute container, each step should be sewn with A. five turns of a single 6-cord nylon thread. B. two turns of a 3-cord cotton doubled and waxed thread. C. six turns of a double 3-cord nylon thread. 264. P37 RIG A rough locking cone surface sometimes can be field repaired by A. rotating 180 degrees and reinstalling. B. dressing the cone with No. 2 sandpaper. C. grinding the cone using an emery wheel. 265. P37 RIG When replacing a torn out pack grommet, excess thickness in the patched area may cause A. more pressure on the ripcord pin. B. additional damage to the material at the grommet area. C. the cone to protrude too far through the grommet. 266. P37 RIG (1) Worn or damaged harness webbing may be replaced by a certificated senior parachute rigger, providing he/she has the necessary equipment. (2) The replacement of a damaged suspension line is classified as a major repair. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Only No. 2 is true. B. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. C. Only No. 1 is true. 267. P37 RIG (1) If the suspension lines were found to be out of rotation on a quick removal link, it would constitute a minor repair to slip the lines off the link and replace them in the proper sequence. (2) The pilot chute bridle cord may be retied or replaced as a minor repair. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Only No. 1 is true. B. Only No. 2 is true. C. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. 268. P37 RIG How is a suspension line attachment loop of a ram-air canopy repaired if the surrounding material is not stressed? The broken loop is A. rejoined using the fingertrap method then bar tacked with a zig-zag stitch. B. completely removed and a new loop stitched in place. C. cut off even with the bottom of the seam and a new loop stitched over the remnant of the old loop. 269. P37 RIG A crossport tear in a ram-air or square parachute may A. result in total inability to control during descent. B. cause complete failure if not repaired. C. put a turn in the canopy. 270. P37 RIG Stabilizer panel burns on a square or ram-air parachute are usually the result of A. poor packing. B. improper attachment during manufacture. C. extended storage in an unventilated area. 271. P37 RIG Ram-air or square parachute steering line damage is usually caused by friction (1) in slider grommets and guide rings. (2) during deployment and packing. Regarding the above statements, which of the following is true? A. Only No. 2 is true. B. Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. C. Only No. 1 is true. 272. P37 RIG How should warp and filler threads of a patch be oriented to the material being patched? A. At 45 degrees to the original material. B. At 90 degrees to the original material. C. Matching the original material pattern. 273. P37 RIG What precaution must be observed when replacing a broken or missing eye on a container? A. Replace the eye and the pack opening band hook. B. Replace the eyes adjacent to the broken or missing one. C. Sew the eye to a reinforced area of the container. 274. P37 RIG What technique is used to assure uniformity in the length of nylon suspension lines for a given model parachute during their manufacture and/or replacement? A. All suspension lines shall be marked while under equal tension to show points of attachment. B. With no load on suspension lines, mark the points of attachment, then cut the line core approximately 2 inches longer than the sleeve. C. All suspension lines shall be marked while under no load to show points of attachment. 275. P37 RIG Suspension line breakage in ram-air canopies most often occurs at what line position? A. The leading edge center line. B. The leading edge outboard. C. The trailing edge mid-canopy. 276. P39 RIG If a ripcord pin is slightly burred, what procedure should be followed? A. The entire ripcord assembly must be replaced. B. The ripcord pin should be carefully smoothed with fine emery cloth. C. The ripcord pin should be replaced. 277. P39 RIG When replacing a damaged ripcord with a serviceable one, which of the following requirements must be met? A. Check the ripcord for proper length. B. Replace the ripcord housing with a serviceable assembly. C. Functionally test the parachute for proper operation. 278. P57 RIG How should repair of a canopy with both fabric and line damage be accomplished? A. Fabric should be repaired first. B. Lines should be repaired first. C. The order of repair depends on the type of materials used in the construction of the assembly. 279. P57 RIG What is the maximum number of internal line splices that maybe made to a certificated canopy? A. Six. B. One. C. Four. 280. P37 RIG Strength is given to a patch by A. applying a filler patch in the trimmed hole. B. securing it to a seam. C. anchoring it to a suspension line. 281. P37 RIG What is the reason for matching the weave of the patch material with that of the canopy being repaired? A. So that the permeability of the canopy is unchanged. B. To provide a more pleasing appearance. C. To assure that the patch elasticity is the same as the canopy material. 282. P38 RIG Which statement is correct concerning sewing and stitching as applied to parachute repair? A. Seams joined by zigzag stitching are capable of greater joint elongation without creating excessive tensile stress of the thread itself. B. All thread must be coated with beeswax prior to use. C. Use 5-cord linen thread for all hand sewing. 283. P39 RIG A ripcord pin that is slightly bent is A. desired for easier pack closing. B. of little concern because the safety hazard is negligible. C. cause for corrective action. 284. P39 RIG Which defect in a canopy would most likely require a minor repair? A. Floats or skips. B. Pinholes. C. Missing picks. 285. A01 RIG Chrome plating a cadmium plated load-carrying parachute fitting would be considered A. a major repair. B. an alteration. C. a minor repair. 286. L90 RIG Identify those persons who may alter the main parachute of a single harness dual parachute pack. 1. The manufacturer. 2. The owner of the parachute. 3. A senior parachute rigger. 4. A master parachute rigger. 5. A person holding an appropriate military rating. 6. Any other manufacturer that the Administrator considers to be competent. A. 1, 4, 6. B. 1, 2, 3. C. 2, 4, 5. 287. L90 RIG What procedures should be followed to obtain field approval for installation of an automatic opening device on an auxiliary parachute pack? A. A master parachute rigger shall install the automatic opener and sign the packing card. B. The manufacturer of the device shall install it on the auxiliary pack and sign the packing card. C. A person qualified to alter a parachute should submit the proposed alteration to the FAA. 288. L90 RIG When an alteration of an approved parachute is unavailable from the manufacturer, a qualified person shall seek approval by: A. Executing an FAA Form 337 with a complete documentation of the alteration. B. Make an application in letter form to the local Flight Standards District Office (FSDO). C. Submitting modification information to the parachute manufacturing Association. 289. L90 RIG The installation of an automatic opening device on a reserve parachute would be considered A. a major repair. B. a minor alteration. C. an alteration. 290. P34 RIG Which hazard is associated with chrome plating of parachute hardware? A. Weakening of the hardware due to the annealing effect of the plating process. B. Hydrogen embrittlement of the metal parts. C. Slippage of the metal parts due to increased coefficient of friction.